Rabu, 11 November 2009

PD.OTOSMaRT
Highway 20, Kelapa Gading
Indonesia
____________________________________________________________________________________

Matter: mail order Bandung, January 6, 2009

No. : 045/X/PDS/09


Sincerely,

Based on the offer letter which you have given us. Our PD.OTOSMaRT want to order the goods to you because according to the price and type of goods you offer. Here are our goods message:


No Name Products Specifications Item Car Code

1. Duck tail Spoon EG6
2. Center console OEM HONDA EG6/EG9
3. Turning Sign OEM JDM EG6




We hope that the things we've sent immediately recall include company stock limit has been reached. Thank you for your attention and your coorporation.



Yours sincerely



Eleanor Roosevelt
Purchasing manager

Rabu, 04 November 2009

Conditional sentence

Conditional sentences
I. If I have a lot of money, I will buy a new car.
You’ll pass the exams if you study hard.

Kedua contoh kalimat di atas dalam tata bahasa disebut conditional sentences (kalimat pengandaian). Conditional sentences terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu subordinate clause (if-clause) yang merupakan pernyataan syarat dan main clause yang merupakan akibat terpenuhi atau tidaknya syarat yang terkandung dalam subordinate clause.

Conditional sentences. Berikut ini akan kita bahas satu-persatu :
if clause : simple present tense
main clause : simple future tense

Pada tipe 1 ini suatu tindakan dalam main clause akan terjadi bila syarat dalam if-clause terpenuhi.
Contoh:
You will master English if you study hard.


if clause : simple past tense
main clause : past future tense (S + would + V1)

Tipe ini digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan/keadaan yang berlawanan/ bertentangan dengan kenyataan pada saat ini. Sebenarnya syarat dalam if-clause bisa saja terpenuhi, tetapi kemungkinannya sangat kecil.
Contoh:
If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
(Real fact : You don’t study hard.)

If I had a lot of money, I would lend you some.
(Real fact : I don’t have much money.)

Would bisa juga diganti dengan could atau might.

Contoh:
You might be successful if you tried harder.
If I had some information, I could let you know.





II. Learn About Conditional Sentence


Ada 3 jenis kalimat bersyarat


• True in the Present / Future Time

• Untrue in the Present / Future Time

• Untrue in the Past Time


1. True in The Present / Future Time

if + Simple Present, will-Future

contoh: If I find her address, I will send her an invitation .
I will send her an invitation if I find her address .

Klausa utama juga dapat berada di awal kalimat. Dalam kasus ini, tidak menggunakan koma.

Contoh: Aku akan mengirim undangan jika saya menemukan alamatnya.
I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address

The function is untuk menunjukkan / menjelaskan rencana, saran, dan kemungkinan / probabilitas

contoh
• If you don't have breakfast, you will be hungry.

• If the magazine is on my table, you can take it.

• If you come early you will not get punish from our headmaster.

Penggunaan pengandaian ini memiliki syarat-syarat tertentu:
1. Pengandaian yang digunakan untuk kejadian benar pada masa kini dan masa akan datang.
Terdapat syarat-syarat dalam menggunakan pengandaian jenis ini, yaitu:
a. kalimat pengandaian jenis ini digunakan untuk mengandaikan kegiatan rutin atau pada masa/situasi yang rutin.
b. Digunakan untuk memperkirakan fakta yang akan terjadi dimasa kini atau dimasa akan datang.
If + Subjek + Kata Kerja 1 + Objek, Subjek + Will + Verb 1


Conditional Sentences Type I merujuk ke masa depan. Tindakan di masa depan hanya akan terjadi jika kondisi tertentu terpenuhi saat itu. Kita tidak tahu pasti apakah kondisi benar-benar akan terpenuhi atau tidak, tapi kondisi tampaknya agak realistis jadi mungkin terjadi.

Example: If I find her address, I'll send her an invitation.
Contoh: Jika saya menemukan alamatnya, saya akan mengirim undangan.

I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.

If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

Fact :I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.


2. Untrue in the Present / Future Time

if + Simple Pengandaian yang digunakan untuk kejadian yang tidak terjadi pada saat ini dan masa akan datang.
Kalimat pengandaian ini digunakan untuk mengekspresikan bahwa sesuatu terjadi dengan sebaliknya atau berlawanan dengan kenyataannya dan digunakan pada masa kini dan akan datang.
Bentuk dari kalimat pengandaian ini adalah:

If + Subjek + Kata Kerja 2, Subjek + Would + Kata Kerja 1

Past, main clause with Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

contoh: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation .

Klausa utama juga dapat berada di awal kalimat. Dalam kasus ini, tidak menggunakan koma. contoh: I would send her an invitation if I found her address .


Were instead of Was

Dalam IF Clauses Type II, biasanya kita gunakan were
jika kata ganti adalah I , he , she or it .

Contoh: If I were you, I would not do this .

Fungsi jenis kalimat bersyarat tipe dua adalah untuk menjelaskan imajinasi kita.

Contoh

• If the price of gasoline were only Rp. 1000 I would be very happy.

• What would you do if you found $100.00 on the street.

• If I had a lot of money, I wouldn't stay here.


Conditional Sentences Type II merujuk kepada situasi di masa sekarang. Suatu tindakan bisa terjadi jika situasi sekarang berbeda.
I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation .

Saya mau mengirim undangan ke teman. Aku sudah mencari di mana-mana alamatnya, tapi aku tidak bisa menemukannya. Jadi sekarang aku pikir itu tidak mungkin bahwa aku akan menemukan alamatnya.

Example: If John had the money, he would buy a Ferrari .

I know John very well and I know that he doesn't have much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari (in his dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to buy one in the near future.

Aku tahu John sangat baik dan aku tahu bahwa dia tidak punya banyak uang, tetapi dia mencintai Ferrari. Ia ingin untuk memiliki Ferrari (dalam mimpinya). Tapi saya rasa sangat tidak mungkin bahwa ia akan memiliki uang untuk membeli satu dalam waktu dekat.


3. Untrue In the Past Time

Pengandaian yang digunakan untuk kejadian yang tidak benar (berlawanan dengan kenyataan) dimasa lalu.Kalimat ini digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang tidak pernah terjadi dimasa lalu.

Rumus kalimat ini adalah :

If + Subjek + Had + Kata Kerja 3, Subjek + Would + Have + Kata Kerja 3


if + Past Perfect, main clause with Conditional II
contoh : If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation .

Klausa utama juga dapat berada di awal kalimat. Dalam kasus ini, tidak menggunakan koma.
contoh: I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address .

Conditional Sentences Type III merujuk kepada situasi di masa lalu. Suatu tindakan bisa terjadi di masa lalu jika kondisi tertentu telah dipenuhi. Hal-hal yang berbeda saat itu, namun. Kami hanya membayangkan, apa yang akan terjadi jika situasi sudah terpenuhi.
Contoh : If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation .

Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't send her an invitation.

Example: If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari .
I knew John very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a Ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.

Contoh kalimat

If I don’t eat breakfast, I will always get hungry during class (type 1)
If you don't have breakfast, you will be hungry.(type 1)
If you come early you will not get punish from our headmaster.(type 1)
If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go on picnic(type 1)

If were you, I would accept their invitation.(type 2)
Infact (I am not you)

If I found her address, I would send her an invitation (type 2)
Infact (I cannot find the address )

They would fly to Canberra if they had more money. (Type 2)
Infact (He do not have much money)


If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you(Type 3)
Infact (you do not tell me)

If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam (Type 3)
Infact (I didn’t study hard, so I didn’t pass the exam

I would have come to your house if the weather had been fine (Type 3)
Infact (The weather wasn’t fine, so I didn’t come to your house)